The role and importance of the mixed courts in the ottoman provinces: the case of the province of egypt (1875-1949)

Abstract

From the beginning of the 19th century it appeared that the European legal system had begun to enter the Ottoman legal system. In this period, it is estimated that the Egyptian province was ahead of Turkey in the codification of the law. The establishment of the Mixed Courts was one of the most important developments in the history of Egyptian civilization with the expression of Khedive Ismail and was welcomed in the first place; But in the process, Egyptian nationalist administrators and the Egyptian bourgeoisie, which emerged as an efficient class, began to evaluate these courts as an influential means of intervention by the European powers on the country. As a result of international diplomatic initiatives and legal regulations, the Mixed Courts would be completely removed from the Egyptian legal system at the end of the first half of the 20th century. In this study, the legal, social, economic and political effects of these courts on Egypt were tried to be revealed by Ottoman and especially English archival documents during the period beginning from the Mixed Courts were established in 1875 until they were officially abolished in 1949.