Electric vehicles (EVs), both hybrid EVs (HEVs) and plug-in EVs (PEVs), have been widely researched and studied. The PEVs have an all-electric system, while the HEVs are based on joint operation of an internal combustion ...

As a result of the rapid increase on electricity demand and power system expansion worldwide, smart grids have emerged as an opportunity for the modernization of traditional grids. Nevertheless, there are many technical ...