An electrochemical platform of tannic acid and carbon nanotubes for the sensitive determination of the antipsychotic medication clozapine in pharmaceutical and biological samples

Abstract

The combination (TA/MWCNTs) of tannic acid decorated with carbon nanotubes was prepared to build a new electrochemical sensor to detect the clozapine (Clp). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques were used to characterize the morphological and electrochemical changes of the platform (TA/MWCNTs/GCE) obtained by modifying the glassy carbon electrode with the TA/MWCNTs combination. The active surface areas of the bare GCE and TA/MWCNTs/GCE were found to be 0.124 cm2 and 0.340 cm2, respectively. TA/MWCNTs/GCE surface exhibited a well-defined redox couple for Clp at 0.42 V and 0.36 V in pH 8.0. phosphate buffer solution. Under optimum conditions, the peak currents of square wave voltammograms of Clp with a detection limit of 0.55 nM and a quantification limit of 1.67 nM showed a linear increase at the 0.05 µM ~ 0.375 µM interval. The proposed TA/MWCNTs/GCE platform exhibited good repeatability, high sensitivity and excellent accuracy for Clp. The proposed platform was successfully applied for the quantification of Clp in pharmaceutical, serum and urine samples. Such precise quantification of Clp makes it important and interesting for monitoring the therapeutic use of the proposed platform.